Archive for the ‘Analytics Tuesday’ Category

Analytics Tuesday – Bounce Rate

Some people arrive at your site, take one short look, and click away. These brief visits get swept up by your analytics software into a general percentage known as your site’s ‘bounce rate’. Think of it like a woman shopping for clothes. She picks items off a rail one by one and turns to show them to her friend. When her friend shakes her head, she replaces the item on the rail. That’s a bounce.

In Google Analytics terms, a bounce is simply a visit that comprises one page of your site. In practical terms, this usually means that there is nothing there that matches what the visitor was hoping to find. This may or may not be something you should be concerned about.

If you’ve done a lot of good SEO work on your site and it’s sitting high in the search rankings, it’s inevitable that a number of visitors will simply click the link with no thought. They arrive at the site, see it’s not what they’re looking for, and off they go. This is not a problem and you can probably discount somewhere in the region of a 30% bounce rate as traffic you’ll never be able to convert, no matter what improvements you make to your site. This is like the woman is the example above realising that she’s come to a bridal store instead of a boutique that specialises in ball gowns. The dresses are beautiful and of high quality; they’re just not what this customer needs.

Big bounces are only fun on a trampoline

If your bounce rate is creeping towards the 50% range and upwards, however, it may be time to worry.

For starters, a high bounce rate is a sure indication that the traffic coming to your site is not as qualified as it should be. That gives you an immediate insight into the quality of your marketing campaigns, whether they’re off-line advertising, sponsored links, or even the keywords you’re using for increasing your organic rankings.

If, after careful analysis of the traffic sources, you’re sure they are qualified, you now know that the site itself is failing to meet the promises delivered implicitly in the marketing campaign. People have been enticed to visit and still found nothing to engage them. This is especially the case where you have specific landing pages for different campaigns.

Bounce rate, therefore, can be an extremely useful metric. Even the most cursory examination of the numbers can point out some quick wins for campaign changes and amendments to site copy and/or design.

Analytics Tuesday – Unique Visitors

This week’s topic is visitors, perhaps one of the most contentious area of metrics. Contentious? Yes, in terms of how to identify a visit, a visitor, and a unique visitor.

In some cases, the distinction between these terms may not be important. But for marketing departments wanting to measure the effect of a specific campaign, the distinctions become crucial. Unique Visitors

When web pages were uncomplicated and contained little more than a block of text, page hits were what gave a reasonably accurate picture of how many people were visiting your site. As more elements were added to a page (and each graphic, for instance, requires a ‘hit’ on the server), this was no longer a viable method for tracking traffic.

(I suppose you could always count the individual elements on a page and then divide the hits by that number. But that’s a bit like counting cow legs in a field and dividing by four to find how many cattle you have.)

HTTP and Cookies

The web has a static protocol – HTTP – which means it neither knows nor cares whether it’s met you before. When you send an HTTP request to a web server, it’s a bit like greeting someone with severe short-term memory loss. It says ‘Nice to meet you’, whether or not you’ve been engaged in conversation for the last hour.

That’s where cookies come in (see the previous Analytics Tuesday post).

Perhaps the best way to think of the difference between visitors and unique visitors is this:

You launch your new site and, on the back of a series of emails to existing customers, say, around 150 of them swing by the site on the Monday. Your site incorporates a blog and you’re posting daily updates that appeal to those 150 customers. So, on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday those 150 customers return to the site. What are your numbers?

Add up the right numbers

Well, your site attracted 5 x 150 visits. 750 visits. Without cookies or accurate tracking, you might think you’ve attracted 750 visitors to your site in the first week. However, because each day saw the same 150 customers return to the site, you only attracted 150 unique visitors.

You can see how important – from a marketing ROI perspective, at the very least – getting the numbers right can be. Total visits is important, of course (and, for a blog or for am e-commerce site that thrives on repeat business, visitors who return to buy are very welcome), but for a business hoping to expand and which is using a variety of on-line and off-line marketing strategies to drive new customers to the site, it is unique visitor numbers that will take precedence.

The Google help centre defines ‘Unique Visitors’ as:

the number of unduplicated (counted only once) visitors to your website over the course of a specified time period. A Unique Visitor is determined using cookies.

Next week? Well, you tell me.

Analytics Tuesday – Cookies

Last Tuesday, in the first in this series of posts, I looked at some of the main reasons for gathering metrics from your site. This week, I want to start covering some of the key terms you’ll come across in discussions of metrics.

I’m going to start with ‘cookies’.
mexican hot chocolate cookies by rachel is coconut&lime

No, not those sorts of cookies.

Cookies are probably not the first thing you think of when you think about capturing metrics from your site. You may not think about cookies at all, in fact. However, they’re pretty damned important. Here’s why.

Cookies and Page Tags

For the sake of simplicity, I’m going to assume (dangerous, I know) that you’ve plumped for using Google Analytics (GA) as your metrics package of choice. After all, it’s free and the range of data it supplies is probably enough for the great majority of small businesses. Best of all, it uses page tags that you add to each of your site’s pages – so you don’t need access to your server logs – and the data is available to you through your own on-line dashboard at Google.

Page tags work (i.e. gather data) by setting cookies when visitors arrive at your site. Cookies have had a bad press, which, for the most part, is a result of ignorance. After all, a cookie is simply a very small text file (which can always be examined by a user in a normal text editor, or even deleted) that gets associated with your browser when you visit a site.

Then, whenever your browser accesses that site, it takes the cookie with it. It’s a way for a site to recognise repeat visitors or visitors accessing more than one page in the site.

If you use Amazon, for instance, you know that when you use your normal computer, you’ll get the ‘Welcome, Graham’ message (replace ‘Graham’ with your own name!) but when you visit from a different computer, Amazon doesn’t know who you are. That’s the power of cookies.

GA uses only first party anonymous cookies. This is what Google says about its cookies in its help area:

Google Analytics uses cookies to define user sessions, as well as to provide a number of key features in the Google Analytics reports. Google Analytics sets or updates cookies only to collect data required for the reports. Additionally, Google Analytics uses only first-party cookies. This means that all cookies set by Google Analytics for your domain send data only to the servers for your domain. This effectively makes Google Analytics cookies the personal property of your website domain, and the data cannot be altered or retrieved by any service on another domain.

The down side, of course, is that some companies and people prevent cookies being written to their computers. That means you’ll miss some of the data you want to collect. The number will be small, however.

Next week, I’ll look at one of the key areas where cookies come into their own: differentiating between visits and unique visits.

Remember, if you miss one of the Analytics Tuesday posts, you can simply click on the blog topic in the sidebar with that name and you’ll see a list of the posts so far.

Introducing Analytics Tuesday

As part of our new focus on core web tools and tactics for small businesses, we’ve decided that Tuesday will now be known as Analytics Tuesday (not to be confused with Pancake Tuesday here in the UK) on the bpodr blog. Each week, either Adam or I will put up a post about analytics/metrics and some links to places to find more information.

A good place to start is with the decision to install analytics on your site. When we conduct site reviews, we come across a startling number of sites with no means to capture metrics (and just as many where the metrics aren’t collected, even when the means to measure it is installed). So, we’re kicking off this week with a look at why installing a way to capture data on your site is, without question, as important as having a working web site in the first place.

GA2

A site without metrics is a brain without oxygen

Choosing to launch a web site and then do nothing to measure its effectiveness is akin to buying an expensive house without finding out where it is nor caring about its condition.

Of course, measuring effectiveness also implies that there is a clearly defined objective. In other words, you need to know the main purpose of your web site. For most businesses, this will usually come down to one of these:

1. To drive more sales;
2. To generate more qualified leads;
3. To establish credibility.

The first two may appear similar on the face of it but the primary objective for the site itself will depend on whether you’re running a true ecommerce site or a site that seeks to bring prospects into your pipeline.

Let’s say you’ve got a B2B business and your product or service is not something you can pop in the post and send to a customer on receipt of an on-line payment. In this case, your site is probably looking to get visitors to pick up the phone and call you (or request a brochure or fill in a contact form).

Metrics provide the data for your business decisions

A decent metrics package will let you know where your visitors are coming from, what pages they visit on your site, and how long they stay there. With experience – or help from someone familiar with analytics data – you’ll start to see if and why potential customers are failing to answer that call to action on your site. That data alone can form the basis of a marketing strategy for driving more traffic, or improving your landing pages, or even making sure you implement a plan for loading fresh content on a weekly basis.

When you capture data from your site and analyse it properly, you’ll immediately be in a position of competitive advantage. (Whether you do anything with that advantage is up to you, of course, but the chances are that at least one of your competitors will make use of data gleaned from their own site.)

In the early (earlier?) days of the web, much was made of ‘hits’. The web was much simpler then and hits on your site actually meant something. Nowadays, with each web page containing so much information served in separate calls to your server, counting a hit is as much use as counting bricks to decide which house to buy. My favourite quotation about this comes from Jim Sterne ( as quoted in Avinash Kaushik’s excellent book “Web Analytics An Hour A Day”). Jim defines ‘hits’ as “how idiots track success”.

Jim Sterne and Avinash Kaushik both have blogs that focus on web analytics. Browsing the archives on their sites is a great place to start if you want to delve into the subject further (and quicker).

Coming next week….

Alternatively, you can just wait until next week, when I’ll look at some of the key terms used when talking about metrics.

If you miss any of the posts in the series, just click on the ‘Analytics Tuesday’ category for a complete list.

Let us know if there are any metrics topics that you want to see covered. Questions, opinions, gripes, and corrections are also always welcome.